术后无创呼吸支持的研究进展

Research progress of postoperative noninvasive respiratory support

中文关键词: 术后肺部并发症  术后康复  无创呼吸支持  无创正压通气  经鼻高流量氧疗

英文关键词: Postoperative pulmonary complications  Postoperative rehabilitation  Noninvasive respiratory support  Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation  High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy

中文摘要:

      术后肺部并发症（PPCs）是指术后发生的呼吸系统并发症，主要包括呼吸道感染、呼吸衰竭、胸腔积液、肺不张、气胸、支气管痉挛及吸入性肺炎等。PPCs的发生与患者自身、手术和麻醉等因素密切相关，影响患者围术期康复及预后。无创呼吸支持（NRS）包括常规氧气疗法（COT）、无创正压通气（NPPV）、经鼻高流量（HFNC）氧疗等，通过改善肺部呼吸力学和满足氧气需求减少肺部并发症的发生。目前NRS已在重症监护病房（ICU）广泛应用，但其术后应用尚无共识。本文就近年来术后NRS应用的研究进展进行综述，包括NRS的模式、NRS在不同类型手术的应用和NRS在不同类型患者的应用等内容，为促进术后康复提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are respiratory complications that occur after surgery, mainly including respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, and aspiration pneumonia, etc. The occurrence of PPCs is closely related to the patient's own, anesthetic, and surgical factors that affect the perioperative recovery and prognosis of patients. Noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) including conventional oxygen therapy (COT), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, reduces the occurrence of pulmonary complications by improving respiratory mechanics and meeting oxygen demand. Currently, NRS has been widely used in intensive care unit (ICU), but there is no uniform consensus on its application in the postoperative period. This article reviewed the research progress of postoperative NRS in recent years, including the model of NRS, the application of NRS in different types of surgery and patient, in order to provide reference for promoting postoperative rehabilitation.