艾司氯胺酮的临床应用进展

Progress in the clinical application of esketamine

中文关键词: 艾司氯胺酮  麻醉  疼痛

英文关键词: Esketamine  Anesthesia  Pain

中文摘要:

      艾司氯胺酮是一种高亲和性的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体非竞争性抑制药，同时具备麻醉和镇痛作用。除了广泛应用于围术期麻醉诱导与维持、急慢性疼痛的治疗与管理外，艾司氯胺酮在精神疾病和急危重症诊疗等多学科和领域同样有较好的临床应用。艾司氯胺酮国内应用于临床时间尚短，本文拟对其作用机制、药理学特点、围术期应用、疼痛管理中的应用现状以及不良反应进行综述，为临床提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Esketamine is a non-competitive inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor with high affinity, possessing both anesthetic and analgesic effects. In addition to being widely adopted in the induction and maintenance of perioperative anesthesia and in the treatment and management of acute and chronic pain, esketamine also has good clinical applications in multiple disciplines and fields such as the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness and critical care treatment. Since esketamine has been used in clinical practice for a short period in domestic, this paper reviews the mechanism, pharmacological characteristics, perioperative application, applications in pain treatment and adverse reactions of esketamine, so as to provide clinical reference.